Action—a volition followed by an effect.—J. S. Mill.
Analogy—resemblance of relation.—Whately.
Analysis—the resolution of a complex whole into its component elements. —J. S. Mill.
Argument—an expression in which, from something laid down as granted, something else is deduced—Whately.
Argumentum ad hominem—appealing to an opponent's professed views.
A priori—reasoning from cause to effect.
A posteriori—arguing from effects to cause.
Body—the unknown cause of our sensations—J. S. Mill.